Authors submitting manuscripts to the International Journal of Economic Sciences (IJES) should prepare their manuscripts clearly, consistently, and in accordance with the journal's formatting, ethical, and reporting requirements. Manuscripts should present original scholarly work and provide sufficient information to allow readers to understand, evaluate, and, where applicable, reproduce the research.
Research manuscripts should normally include the following elements:
The structure may be adapted to the nature of the research. Empirical, theoretical, econometric, methodological, policy-oriented, and review articles are not required to follow an identical section structure, provided that the organization of the manuscript is logical, transparent, and appropriate to the research question and methodology.
Review articles should provide a clearly defined purpose and scope, an appropriate and transparent approach to identifying and evaluating the relevant literature, a critical synthesis of existing knowledge, and clearly stated conclusions and research implications.
The following information should be provided for all manuscript types.
The title should be concise, informative, specific, and accurately reflect the principal subject of the manuscript. Unnecessary abbreviations, formulas, and overly technical expressions should be avoided where possible.
The full first and last name of each author should be provided. Middle names or initials may be included where appropriate. Each author should be associated with the institutional affiliation at which the relevant work was primarily conducted.
Affiliations should include the department or organizational unit where applicable, institution, city, and country. At least one author must be designated as the corresponding author and a valid email address must be provided.
The author list must accurately reflect authorship at the time of submission. Only individuals who satisfy the journal's authorship requirements should be listed as authors.
The abstract should normally not exceed approximately 200 words and should provide a concise and objective summary of the study. It should clearly communicate the research problem or objective, the principal methodology or analytical approach, the main findings, and the most important conclusions or implications.
The abstract should be understandable without reference to the main text. It should not contain findings that are not presented and supported in the manuscript and should not exaggerate the significance or implications of the results. References should normally be avoided in the abstract.
Authors should provide three to ten keywords that accurately describe the principal topics, methods, or areas of application addressed in the manuscript. Keywords should be sufficiently specific to support effective indexing and discoverability.
The Introduction should clearly define the research problem and explain its relevance to economic science. Authors should establish the context of the study, identify the principal research gap, and state the objectives, research questions, or hypotheses where applicable.
The Introduction should make clear how the manuscript contributes to the existing literature. Claims concerning novelty or contribution should be specific and supported by an appropriate understanding of previous research.
Where appropriate, the manuscript should provide a critical and up-to-date review of the literature relevant to the research question. The literature review should identify important theoretical and empirical developments, unresolved issues, and the specific gap addressed by the study.
Authors should avoid presenting the literature review as a simple chronological list of previous studies. Relevant literature should instead be critically synthesized and used to establish the theoretical, empirical, or methodological foundation of the research.
Where the study is based on a specific theoretical framework, economic theory, conceptual model, or set of hypotheses, these elements should be clearly presented and appropriately connected to the subsequent analysis.
The methodology should be described with sufficient detail to permit readers to evaluate the validity, reliability, and reproducibility of the research.
Depending on the nature of the study, authors should clearly describe the data sources, sample or population, observation period, variables, measurement procedures, assumptions, model specification, estimation procedures, identification strategy, statistical or econometric methods, robustness procedures, and software used.
Empirical studies should provide sufficient information concerning data construction, inclusion and exclusion criteria, transformations, missing observations, outliers, and other data-processing procedures that could materially affect the results.
For econometric analyses, authors should clearly specify the models used and provide an appropriate justification for their methodological choices. Relevant assumptions and diagnostic procedures should be reported where applicable.
Where causal claims are made, the manuscript should clearly explain the identification strategy and the assumptions required to support causal interpretation.
Theoretical and methodological papers should provide sufficiently detailed definitions, assumptions, derivations, propositions, proofs, algorithms, or computational procedures to permit rigorous evaluation of the proposed contribution.
The name and version of relevant statistical, econometric, optimization, simulation, or other specialized software should be reported where appropriate.
Results should be presented clearly, accurately, and in a manner consistent with the stated methodology and research objectives. Authors should distinguish reported empirical or analytical findings from their broader interpretation.
Tables and figures should complement rather than unnecessarily duplicate information presented in the text. Statistical estimates should be accompanied by appropriate measures of uncertainty, statistical significance, model diagnostics, effect sizes, or other relevant information where applicable.
Authors should report relevant robustness, sensitivity, specification, or validation analyses where these are necessary to establish the reliability of the principal findings.
The Discussion should interpret the findings in relation to the research objectives, theoretical framework, and relevant previous literature. Authors should explain the economic significance and implications of their results rather than relying exclusively on statistical significance.
Theoretical, empirical, methodological, policy, and managerial implications should be discussed where appropriate. Claims and recommendations should remain proportionate to the evidence presented.
The limitations of the study should be clearly acknowledged. Authors are encouraged to identify meaningful directions for future research where these follow logically from the findings and limitations.
The Results and Discussion sections may be combined where this provides a clearer presentation of the research.
The Conclusions should summarize the principal contribution and findings of the study without merely repeating the Abstract or Results section. The conclusions should be supported by the evidence presented in the manuscript.
Where appropriate, authors may discuss broader theoretical, economic, policy, institutional, or practical implications. Recommendations should not extend beyond what can reasonably be supported by the study.
Authors must disclose all sources of financial support relevant to the research and publication of the manuscript. Where applicable, the official name of the funding organization and grant or project number should be provided.
If no specific external funding was received, authors may state:
Funding: This research received no external funding.
All listed authors must have made substantial contributions to the work and must approve the submitted manuscript. Authorship must be limited to individuals who satisfy the journal's authorship requirements.
Authors are encouraged to provide a transparent description of individual contributions. Where appropriate, recognized contributor-role terminology may be used.
Authors must include a Data Availability Statement describing whether and how the data supporting the findings of the study can be accessed.
IJES encourages authors to make research data, replication files, statistical code, and other materials necessary to verify published findings publicly available in a recognized repository whenever this is legally, ethically, and practically possible.
The journal recognizes that unrestricted public sharing may not always be possible. Restrictions may arise from confidentiality agreements, commercial or proprietary data licenses, privacy and data-protection requirements, contractual obligations, ethical restrictions, or conditions imposed by data providers.
Where data cannot be made publicly available, authors should clearly explain the reason for the restriction and, where possible, provide information about how qualified researchers may obtain access to the data.
Authors must disclose any financial, professional, institutional, personal, or other interests that could influence, or reasonably be perceived to influence, the research or its presentation.
If no relevant conflicts exist, authors should state:
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Individuals, institutions, or organizations that contributed to the research but do not meet the journal's authorship criteria may be acknowledged. Authors are responsible for obtaining any consent required for individuals to be identified in the Acknowledgments.
Authors must ensure that every source cited in the manuscript appears in the reference list and that every entry in the reference list is cited in the manuscript.
References should be accurate, complete, and relevant to the scholarly content of the manuscript. Authors are responsible for verifying bibliographic information, including author names, article titles, journal or book information, publication year, volume, issue, pages or article number, and DOI where available.
References must be numbered consecutively in the order in which they first appear in the text. Citation numbers should be enclosed in square brackets.
Examples:
Previous research has demonstrated a significant relationship between these variables [1].
Several studies have examined this issue [2, 3, 5].
Related evidence has also been reported in multiple contexts [6-9].
Once a source has been assigned a reference number, the same number must be used for all subsequent citations of that source.
References should be listed individually at the end of the manuscript in numerical order corresponding to their first appearance in the text. DOI identifiers should be provided wherever available.
Authors should preferentially cite original and authoritative scholarly sources. References should be selected solely on the basis of their relevance to the manuscript and should not be included for the purpose of artificially increasing citations to particular authors, journals, institutions, or publications.
Web references should include, where available, the author or responsible organization, title, publication or update date, complete URL, and date of access. Authors should preferentially use persistent and authoritative sources.
Relevant datasets should be cited where appropriate. Data references should include sufficient information to identify and locate the dataset, such as author or creator, dataset title, repository, version where applicable, year, and persistent identifier such as a DOI.
Authors are responsible for obtaining any permissions necessary to reproduce or adapt copyrighted figures, tables, images, or other material from previously published sources.
Figures, images, graphical abstracts, and other visual material must comply with the journal's policy concerning Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies. Authors should consult the relevant journal policy before submission.
IJES supports research transparency and reproducibility. Authors are encouraged to deposit datasets supporting the results of their research in recognized repositories whenever legally, ethically, contractually, and practically possible.
Where public data sharing is restricted, the manuscript must provide an appropriate Data Availability Statement explaining the nature of the restriction.
Where original computer code, statistical scripts, algorithms, or software are central to the results of the study, authors are encouraged to make these materials available through a recognized repository or as supplementary material where legally and practically possible.
The names and versions of software materially involved in the analysis should be clearly reported. Where custom code cannot be shared, authors should explain relevant restrictions where these affect the reproducibility of the research.
Additional datasets, methodological information, robustness analyses, questionnaires, appendices, code, tables, figures, or other supporting files may be submitted as supplementary material.
Supplementary materials should be clearly identified and referenced in the main manuscript. Authors are responsible for ensuring that supplementary files do not contain confidential, copyrighted, personal, or otherwise restricted information that they are not authorized to publish.
Before submission, authors should ensure that the manuscript is complete, internally consistent, accurately referenced, and prepared in accordance with the journal's requirements. Authors remain responsible for the accuracy and integrity of all text, data, analyses, equations, references, figures, tables, supplementary materials, and declarations included in their submission.
All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
