International Journal of Economic Sciences (IJES) permits the responsible use of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in limited circumstances, provided that their use does not compromise originality, scientific integrity, transparency, confidentiality, or author accountability.
Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies may be used during manuscript preparation only to improve language, grammar, clarity, and readability. Such tools must not replace the authors' own scientific reasoning, critical analysis, interpretation of results, development of conclusions, or other substantive scholarly contributions.
Human oversight is required at all times. AI-generated or AI-assisted output may contain inaccurate, incomplete, misleading, biased, or fabricated information. Authors must therefore carefully review, verify, and edit all AI-assisted content before including it in a manuscript.
Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and reliability of the submitted manuscript, regardless of whether Generative AI or AI-assisted technologies were used during manuscript preparation.
As part of the journal's internal editorial screening procedure, manuscripts submitted to International Journal of Economic Sciences (IJES) may be screened using AI writing detection software or other appropriate screening tools to identify indications of AI-generated or AI-assisted writing.
Manuscripts for which the AI writing indicator is above 25% may be rejected during the initial editorial screening and may not be forwarded for peer review. The journal reserves the right to request clarification, supporting information, or a revised version where considered appropriate by the Editorial Office.
The AI writing indicator is used as an editorial screening instrument and is considered together with editorial assessment. It is not regarded as definitive proof that particular text was generated by artificial intelligence. Editorial decisions remain the responsibility of the journal's human editors.
Different AI detection systems may use different methodologies and may therefore produce substantially different results for the same manuscript. Reports generated independently by authors using other AI detection tools do not replace, invalidate, or override the journal's internal screening procedure or the results obtained using the screening tools selected by the Editorial Office.
Authors must not attempt to manipulate, circumvent, or artificially reduce AI detection results through text-spinning, automated paraphrasing, character substitution, concealed text, or other techniques intended to interfere with editorial screening. Evidence of such practices may result in rejection of the manuscript and may be treated as a publication ethics concern.
Authors must independently verify factual statements, data, calculations, equations, statistical information, citations, references, DOIs, and other material generated, suggested, or processed by AI-assisted tools.
AI-generated or fabricated references must not be included in a manuscript. Authors remain responsible for verifying every cited source against the original scholarly publication or other authoritative source.
Generative AI must not be used to fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data, results, analyses, references, sources, or other scientific information.
Authors must disclose the use of Generative AI or AI-assisted technologies where such tools materially contributed to manuscript preparation.
The disclosure should identify the name of the tool or service, its version where available, and the purpose for which it was used. The statement should be included in a separate section of the manuscript.
Routine tools used exclusively for basic spelling correction, reference management, formatting, or other conventional editorial functions do not normally require disclosure, provided that they do not generate substantive manuscript content.
Generative AI systems, large language models, chatbots, and other AI-assisted technologies must not be listed as authors or co-authors and must not be cited as authors.
Authorship involves responsibilities that can only be assumed by humans, including accountability for the accuracy and integrity of the work, approval of the submitted and published versions, disclosure of conflicts of interest, compliance with research and publication ethics, and responsibility for responding to questions concerning the work.
The use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, large language models, or other AI-based computational methods as part of the scientific methodology is not prohibited by this policy.
Legitimate methodological uses may include, for example, economic forecasting, classification, natural language processing, sentiment analysis, text mining, computational modelling, synthetic-data generation, or other AI-based analytical procedures.
Where AI forms part of the research methodology, its use must be scientifically justified and transparently described in the Methodology, Data, Methods, or other appropriate section of the manuscript.
Authors should provide sufficient information to permit appropriate scientific evaluation and, where reasonably possible, reproducibility. Relevant information may include the tool, model, or software used; version where available; provider or developer; principal settings or parameters; input and output procedures; and the manner in which the AI-generated results were evaluated or validated.
Synthetic or AI-generated data used as part of the research methodology must be clearly identified as such and must not be represented as genuine observational, survey, administrative, or other empirical data.
The use of Generative AI or AI-assisted tools to create, generate, redraw, reconstruct, enhance, alter, or manipulate images, figures, illustrations, diagrams, graphical abstracts, artwork, or other visual material intended for publication in IJES is prohibited.
This prohibition applies to visual material included in any part of the manuscript or accompanying publication materials. Generative AI must not be used to add, remove, replace, obscure, fabricate, or otherwise modify visual elements in a manner that changes the scientific or representational content of the material.
Conventional technical adjustments to original visual material, such as limited changes to brightness, contrast, or color balance, may be permitted where they do not selectively alter, remove, obscure, or misrepresent information.
This restriction does not prohibit figures, charts, graphs, or other visualizations that directly present the results of legitimate AI-based research methodologies. Such figures must accurately represent the underlying analysis and must not constitute AI-generated illustrative or decorative artwork.
Where necessary, the journal may request original source files, underlying data, or other relevant documentation to verify the integrity and provenance of visual material.
Editors must protect the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and all associated editorial materials. Editors must not upload unpublished manuscripts, manuscript excerpts, figures, tables, data, supplementary files, reviewer reports, author information, or other confidential submission materials into publicly accessible or external Generative AI or AI-assisted systems.
Editors must not use Generative AI to replace or substantially determine scholarly editorial evaluation or decision-making. Responsibility for editorial assessment and decisions remains with the human editor.
Reviewers must treat submitted manuscripts and all associated materials as confidential. They must not upload manuscripts, figures, tables, supplementary materials, unpublished data, or other confidential information obtained through the peer-review process into publicly accessible or external Generative AI or AI-assisted systems.
Reviewers must not use Generative AI to analyze, evaluate, summarize, or generate the substantive scientific assessment of a manuscript. Peer-review reports must reflect the reviewer's own expert evaluation and judgment.
AI-assisted tools may be used solely to improve the language, grammar, or readability of a reviewer's own report, provided that no manuscript content, confidential information, unpublished data, or identifiable submission material is entered into the AI system.
Reviewers remain fully responsible for the accuracy, appropriateness, reasoning, and integrity of their reports.
Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies in the Manuscript Preparation Process
During the preparation of this work, the authors used [NAME AND VERSION OF TOOL/SERVICE, WHERE APPLICABLE] for [PURPOSE, e.g., improving language and readability]. The tool was not used to generate scientific results, analyses, interpretations, or conclusions. The authors reviewed and verified all AI-assisted output and take full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the final manuscript. No Generative AI or AI-assisted tools were used to create or modify figures, images, graphical abstracts, artwork, or other visual material intended for publication.
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